Quantum computers promise to harness the counterintuitive laws of quantum mechanics to perform calculations that are forever out of reach of conventional classical computers.
A research team from the University of Bristol's Centre for Quantum Photonics (CQP) have brought the reality of a quantum computer one step closer by experimentally demonstrating a technique for significantly reducing the physical resources required for quantum factoring. The team have shown how it is possible to recycle the particles inside a quantum computer, so that quantum factoring can be achieved with only one third of the particles originally required. The research is published in the latest issue of Nature Photonics . Using photons as the particles, the Bristol team constructed a quantum optical circuit that recycled one of the photons to set a new record for factoring 21 with a quantum algorithm - all previous demonstrations have factored 15. Anthony Laing , who led the project, said: "Quantum computers promise to harness the counterintuitive laws of quantum mechanics to perform calculations that are forever out of reach of conventional classical computers. Realising such a device is one of the great technological challenges of the century." While scientists and mathematicians are still trying to understand the full range of capabilities of quantum computers, the current driving application is the hard problem of factoring large numbers. The best classical computers can run for the lifetime of the universe, searching for the factors of a large number, yet still be unsuccessful.
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