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Artificial Intelligence has helped scientists reveal a new form of aggressive prostate cancer which could revolutionise how the disease is diagnosed and treated in the future. A new Cancer Research study has revealed that prostate cancer, which affects one in eight men in their lifetime, includes two different subtypes termed evotypes.

The first DNA study of the ancient population of Eastern Arabia sheds new light on their lives People living in ancient Eastern Arabia appear to have developed resistance to malaria following the appearance of agriculture in the region around five thousand years ago, a new study reveals. DNA analysis of the remains of four individuals from Tylos-period Bahrain (300 BCE to 600 CE) - the first ancient genomes from Eastern Arabia - revealed the malaria-protective G6PD Mediterranean mutation in three samples.

Bath researchers have helped produce a safer, more sustainable fingerprint detection spray that could be used on multiple types of surface. Published on Monday 26 February 2024 Last updated on Monday 26 February 2024 Scientists have developed a water soluble, non-toxic fluorescent spray that makes fingerprints visible in just a few seconds, making forensic investigations safer, easier and quicker.

A chemical compound essential to all living things has been synthesised in a lab in conditions that could have occurred on early Earth, suggesting it played a role at the outset of life, finds a new study led by UCL researchers. The compound, pantetheine, is the active fragment of Coenzyme A. It is important for metabolism - the chemical processes that maintain life.

Researchers have used artificial intelligence (AI) to extract information about the chemical makeup of lung tumours from medical scans. For the first time, they have demonstrated how combining medical imaging with AI can be used to provide a 'virtual biopsy' for cancer patients. Their non-invasive method can classify the type of lung cancer a patient has - which is crucial in selecting the right treatment - and can predict if the cancer is likely to progress.

Scientists at the University of Southampton have discovered that bacteria can pair up their defence systems to create a formidable force, greater than the sum of its parts, to fight off attack from phage viruses. Understanding how bacteria react to this type of virus is a big step in combatting antimicrobial resistance.

Shining a specific frequency of red light on a person's back for 15 minutes can reduce blood sugar levels, according to a new study from City, University of London and UCL. The researchers found that 670 nm red light stimulated energy production within mitochondria, the tiny powerhouses within cells, leading to increased consumption of glucose.

An international study of more than 2.5 million people has identified parts of the genome associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in diverse population groups from across the globe. The study potentially paves the way for genetically determined predictors of disease complications to allow earlier interventions.

Cambridge scientists have identified more than one hundred key genes linked to DNA damage through systematic screening of nearly 1,000 genetically modified mouse lines. Continued exploration on genomic instability is vital to develop tailored treatments that tackle the root genetic causes Gabriel Balmus The work, published in Nature, provides insights into cancer progression and neurodegenerative diseases as well as a potential therapeutic avenue in the form of a protein inhibitor.

A common human gene mutation combination - found in around 5% of the UK's black population as well as millions of people worldwide with recent African ancestry - has been linked to a number of health conditions and poor health outcomes in new research.

Protein biomarkers predict dementia 15 years before diagnosis - according to new study In the largest study of its kind, scientists have shown how protein "biomarkers" predict dementia 15 years before diagnosis. The research, published today in Nature Aging, shows how profiles of proteins in the blood accurately predict dementia up to 15 years prior to clinical diagnosis.

A team at Oxford's Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) has developed a new approach to significantly improve the accuracy of RNA sequencing. They pinpoint the primary source of inaccurate quantification in both short and long-read RNA sequencing, and have introduced the concept of 'majority vote' error correction leading to a substantial improvement in RNA molecular counting.

Imperial scientists have built a toolkit to boost yeast's ability to produce food, materials, and pharmaceuticals by engineering optimal behaviours. Microbes such as bacteria and yeast are increasingly being used to produce components of medicines, biofuels, and food. Indeed, baker's yeast, also known as brewer's yeast, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae , is responsible for the fermentation process used in making beer or bread but it is also used at scale to produce other molecules of value for industry.

Scientists have found the strongest evidence yet that our brains can compensate for age-related deterioration by recruiting other areas to help with brain function and maintain cognitive performance. Now that we've seen this compensation happening, we can start to ask questions about why it happens for some older people, but not others - is there something special about these people? Ethan Knights As we age, our brain gradually atrophies, losing nerve cells and connections and this can lead to a decline in brain function.

Researchers in the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) at The University of Manchester have developed a new biocontainment method for limiting the escape of genetically engineered organisms used in industrial processes. In a paper published in Nature Communications Dr Stefan Hoffmann, lead author on the paper, and Professor Patrick Cai have found that by adding an estradiol-controlled destabilising domain degron (ERdd) to the genetic makeup of baker's yeast (S accharomyces cerevisiae), they can control survival of the organism.

Slow-motion videos collected and analysed by Imperial College London researchers give us new insights into why nocturnal insects gather around light. A Bug's Life fans might remember the unfortunate trance-like state of a mosquito, who, despite calls to 'not look into the light' just couldn't help it, because 'it is so beautiful.' In fact, phototaxis - the movement of organisms in response to light - has interested researchers for years, and yet the reasons behind nocturnal insects' transfixion with light is highly debated.

Stock-photo-dna-helix-gene-molecule-spiral-loop-d-genetic-chromosome-cell-dna-molecule-spiral-of-blue-light-1559659808.jpg DNA helix, gene molecule spiral loop, 3D genetic chromosome cell. DNA molecule spiral of blue light on black background for molecular genetic science, genome biotechnology and health medicine A class of molecules playing a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and other cellular processes can restore normal skin structure rather than producing a scar, a University of Manchester led study in mice and humans suggests.

Researchers from Imperial College London have shown that a blood test can pinpoint the underlying cause of brain injury in newborns. Their study looked at babies with a type of brain injury caused by hypoxia - a lack of oxygen. It found that patterns of gene expression that are detectable in the blood can point to the cause of the injury and tell doctors if the newborn is likely to respond to cooling treatment, commonly used to treat brain injury in infants.

A Birmingham study reveals a novel cellular phenomenon could be responsible for the onset of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Research suggests that a recent understanding of cell movements may help shed light on the mechanisms driving primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune disease which attacks the bile ducts of the liver.

Replacement heart valves that grow inside the body are a step closer to reality following studies led by researchers at Imperial. Surgery to replace faulty heart valves has been possible for more than 60 years, but the treatment has medical drawbacks, both with mechanical or biological valves. But what if the body's natural repair mechanisms could be harnessed to build a living heart valve, right where it is needed? Recent studies led by researchers at Harefield Hospital and Imperial's National Heart and Lung Institute suggest that this approach is entirely possible.