Developing cells likely can ’change their mind’ about their destiny

Defects in the way neural crest cells differentiate are responsible for pigment cell diseases like vitiligo - After differentiation, neural crest cells appear to retain the capacity to -change their mind- and differentiate anew when the circumstances are right. A neural crest cell (a type of stem cell) begins with the ability to differentiate into any number of specialist cell types, but it also appears to retain the capacity to -change its mind- and differentiate anew when the circumstances are right, according to new research from the University of Bath. As a result of this hyper-flexibility, the possibilities for these cells in replacing damaged human tissue is likely to be even greater than previously thought. Neural crest cells - found in very young embryos, and vital for determining the colour of hair and skin - are highly flexible by nature, giving rise to many different types of vital cells, including neurons. New research from the University of Bath suggests their flexibility remains greater than previously thought, a finding that has significant implications for regenerative medicine. Until now, it was assumed that neural crest cells became committed to becoming a particular cell type very early, after which their fate was sealed. However, studies led by Professor Robert Kelsh from the Department of Life Sciences at Bath suggest they retain their adaptability even after they have become visibly differentiated.