Ancient viruses may hold key to effective gene therapy treatments

Scientists have unlocked key insights into virus evolution, revealing new information that could help develop treatments for a wide variety of genetic diseases. The research, which was led by scientists at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR) and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, focuses on a group of small, ubiquitous viruses called 'parvoviruses' (from the Latin word "parvus" meaning 'small', 'puny' or 'unimportant'). Many distinct types of parvoviruses infect mammals - including humans - without causing disease. Some have even been successfully harnessed as gene therapy vectors for the treatment of genetic diseases. In the study, researchers used "fossilised" virus DNA sequences contained within animal genomes to reconstruct the long term evolutionary history of parvoviruses. Their findings show how various distinct types of parvoviruses have evolved in mammals over millions of years, acquiring different specialised properties along the way. This knowledge positions scientists to take instruction from nature in the development of improved gene therapies - for example, the propensity of different parvovirus types to infect different organ systems could be harnessed to target these therapies more effectively.